(Reuters) -A federal appeals court ruled on Wednesday that U.S. President Donald Trump’s executive order curtailing automatic birthright citizenship is unconstitutional and blocked its enforcement nationwide.
The 2-1 decision by the San Francisco-based 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals marked the first time an appeals court has assessed the legality of Trump’s order since the U.S. Supreme Court in June curbed the power of lower court judges to enjoin that and other federal policies on a nationwide basis.
The Supreme Court’s June 27 ruling in litigation over Trump’s birthright citizenship order limited the ability of judges to issue so-called universal injunctions and directed lower courts that had blocked the Republican president’s policy nationally to reconsider the scope of their orders.
But the ruling contained exceptions allowing courts to potentially still block it nationally again. That has already allowed a judge in New Hampshire to once again halt Trump’s order from taking effect by issuing an injunction in a nationwide class action of children who would be denied citizenship under the policy.
The 9th Circuit’s majority in Wednesday’s ruling said the Democratic-led states that had sued to block the policy – Washington, Arizona, Illinois and Oregon – likewise still were entitled to a nationwide injunction as a more narrow order would not provide them “complete relief.”
“The court agrees that the president cannot redefine what it means to be American with the stroke of a pen,” Washington Attorney General Nick Brown said in a statement.
The Trump administration could either ask a wider panel of 9th Circuit judges to hear the case or appeal directly to the Supreme Court, which is expected to have the final word in the litigation.
“We look forward to being vindicated on appeal,” said White House spokeswoman Abigail Jackson. In a statement, she said the 9th Circuit misinterpreted the U.S. Constitution’s 14th Amendment in reaching its decision.
DAY ONE ORDER
Trump signed the order on January 20, his first day back in office, as part of his hardline approach toward immigration.
Trump’s order directed federal agencies to refuse to recognize the citizenship of U.S.-born children who do not have at least one parent who is an American citizen or lawful permanent resident, also known as a “green card” holder.
It was swiftly challenged in court by Democratic attorneys general from 22 states and immigrant rights advocates who argued it violates the citizenship clause of the U.S. Constitution’s 14th Amendment, long been understood to recognize that virtually anyone born in the United States is a citizen.
The Constitution’s 14th Amendment citizenship clause states that all “persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.”
The first judge to block Trump’s directive was Seattle-based U.S. District Judge John Coughenour, an appointee of Republican President Ronald Reagan, who called it “blatantly unconstitutional.” The 9th Circuit’s ruling upheld his decision.
U.S. Circuit Judge Ronald Gould, writing for Wednesday’s majority, said Coughenour rightly concluded that Trump’s executive order violated the citizenship clause of the U.S. Constitution’s 14th Amendment by denying citizenship to many persons born in the United States.
Gould said a geographically limited injunction would harm the four states by forcing them to overhaul their government benefits programs to account for how people denied citizenship under Trump’s order might move into them.
“It is impossible to avoid this harm absent a uniform application of the citizenship clause throughout the United States,” Gould wrote.
His opinion was joined by U.S. Circuit Judge Michael Hawkins, a fellow appointee of Democratic President Bill Clinton.
U.S. Circuit Judge Patrick Bumatay, a Trump appointee, dissented, saying in his view the Democratic-led states lacked standing to challenge Trump’s order, as he warned of the risks of “judicial overreach.”
(Reporting by Nate Raymond in Boston; Editing by Jamie Freed and Lincoln Feast.)
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