WASHINGTON (Reuters) -U.S. consumer confidence unexpectedly improved in May after deteriorating for three straight months amid optimism about the labor market, but worries about inflation persisted and many households expected higher interest rates over the next year.
The survey from the Conference Board on Tuesday also showed more consumers believed that the economy could slip into recession in the next 12 months. Nonetheless, consumers were very upbeat about the stock market and more planned to buy major household appliances over the next six months.
While the economy is expected to slow this year as a result of the cumulative impact of 525 basis points worth of interest rate hikes from the Federal Reserve since March 2022 to tame inflation, economists and most businesses executives are not forecasting a downturn.
“Continued positive job growth, rising wages, an ebullient stock market and healthy household balance sheets will keep consumers spending despite elevated prices and borrowing costs,” said Oren Klachkin, financial market economist at Nationwide.
The Conference Board said that its consumer confidence index increased to 102.0 this month from an upwardly revised 97.5 in April. Economists polled by Reuters had forecast the index slipping to 95.9 from the previously reported 97.0.
Confidence remains within the relatively narrow range it has been hovering in for more than two years.
The improvement was across all age groups, with consumers making annual incomes over $100,000 posting the largest increase in confidence. On a six-month moving average basis, confidence remained highest among the under 35 age cohort and those with annual incomes of more than $100,000.
Consumers’ perceptions of the labor market also improved, with the survey’s so-called labor market differential, derived from data on respondents’ views on whether jobs are plentiful or hard to get, widening to 24 from 22.9 in April, though there are signs that opportunities are probably not as abundant as in the past year. That measure closely correlates to the unemployment rate in the Labor Department’s employment report.
Labor market resilience is underpinning the economic expansion. Consumers’ 12-month inflation expectations rose to 5.4% from 5.3% in April.
“Consumers cited prices, especially for food and groceries, as having the greatest impact on their view of the U.S. economy,” said Dana Peterson, chief economist at the Conference Board. “Perhaps as a consequence, the share of consumers expecting higher interest rates over the year ahead also rose, from 55.2% to 56.2%.”
With inflation surging in the first quarter and economic growth remaining solid, financial markets have pushed back expectations for the first rate cut from the U.S. central bank to September from June. The Fed has kept its policy rate in the 5.25%-5.50% range since July.
Despite concerns about higher prices, there are few signs that consumer are planning to cut back on spending in a significant way. The survey’s measure of buying plans for major appliances over the next six months rose to 49.4 from 43.0 in April, driven by television sets, refrigerators and vacuum cleaners and clothes dryers.
Buying plans for motor vehicles were unchanged while those for houses dropped amid higher mortgage rates and elevated home prices. On a six-month moving average basis, purchasing plans for homes were unchanged in May at their lowest level since August 2012.
A separate report from the Federal Housing Finance Agency on Tuesday showed house prices increased 6.7% in March on a year-on-year basis after advancing 7.1% in February. They rose 6.6% between the first quarter of this year and the first three months of 2023. Prices are being driven by a shortage of homes available for sale.
(Reporting by Lucia Mutikani; Editing by Chizu Nomiyama and Andrea Ricci)
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